BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes
BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes: A2zNotes Presents study material Long Question Answer Notes by the Latest BEd Syllabus for Philosophical and Socialogical Perspective of Education. A Collection of Question-Answers compiled and Edited by A2zNotes Well Experienced Authors Based on Latest Two-Years BEd Curriculum. Here in this post, we will provide you with Long Questions and Answers for the Definition, and Meaning of Peace Education, the Etymological Meaning of Peace, and Religious Beliefs & Peace.
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Peace Education
Peace education is the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing the attitudes, skills, and behaviors to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural environment. There are numerous United Nations declarations on the importance of peace education. Ban Ki Moon, U.N. Secretary General, has dedicated the International Day of Peace 2013 to peace education in an effort to refocus minds and financing on the preeminence of peace education as the means to bring about a culture of peace. (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
Koichiro Matsuura, the immediate past Director-General of UNESCO, has written of peace education as being of “fundamental importance to the mission of UNESCO and the United Nations”. Peace education as a right is something that is now increasingly emphasized by peace researchers such as Betty Reardon and Douglas Roche. There has also been a recent meshing of peace education and human rights education. (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
Peace is harmony between different social groups that are characterized: by a lack of violence or conflict behaviors, and the freedom from fear of violence. Commonly understood as the absence of hostility and retribution, peace also suggests sincere attempts at reconciliation, the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships, prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all.
Etymological Meaning of Peace
The term ‘peace’ originates most recently from the Anglo-French pes, and the Old French pais, meaning “peace, reconciliation, silence, the agreement” (11th century) But, Pes itself comes from the Latin pax, meaning “peace, compact, agreement, treaty of peace, tranquility, absence of hostility, harmony.” The English word came into use in various personal greetings from c.1300 as a translation of the Hebrew word shalom, which, according to Jewish theology, comes from a Hebrew verb meaning ‘to restore’.
Although ‘peace’ is the usual translation, however, it is an incomplete one, because ‘shalom,’ which is also cognate with the Arabic salaam, has multiple other meanings in addition to peace, including justice, good health, safety, well-being, prosperity, equity, security, good fortune, and friendliness. (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
At a personal level, peaceful behaviors are kind, considerate, respectful, just, and tolerant of others’ beliefs and behaviors-tending to manifest goodwill. This latter understanding of peace can also pertain to an individual’s introspective sense or concept of her/himself, as in being “at peace” in one’s own mind, as found in European references from c.1200. The early English term is also used in the sense of ‘quiet’, reflecting calm, serene, and meditative approaches to family or group relationships that avoid quarreling and seek tranquility—an absence of disturbance or agitation. (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
In many languages, the word for peace is also used as a greeting or a farewell, for example, the Hawaiian word aloha, as well as the Arabic word salaam. In English, the word peace is occasionally used as a farewell, especially for the dead, as in the phrase rest in peace.
Religious Beliefs and Peace
Religious beliefs often seek to identify and address the basic problems of human life, including the conflicts between, among, and within persons and societies. Among pagan faiths, worship of personified Peace was organized in antiquity under the name Eirene (“Peace”) in Greek-speaking areas and as Pax (“Peace”) in Latin-speaking ones. Her idols depicted a full-grown woman, usually with a horn of plenty and scepter and sometimes with a torch or olive leaves.
Many Christians call Jesus of Nazareth the “Prince of Peace”, and see him as a ‘Messiah, (which, transliterated, means Anointed One), the “Christ”, who manifested as the Son of God on Earth to establish the God’s Kingdom of Peace, wherein people, societies, and all of Creation are to be healed of evil. (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
In Islam, Muslims believed that only Almighty ALLAH The God is the source of peace, and in the remembrance of the Oneness of Almighty ALLAH hearts find peace. Muslims must remember and obey Almighty ALLAH The God so that they can go to the higher floor of Heavens which Almighty ALLAH promised. (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
Buddhists believe that peace can be attained once all suffering ends. They regard all suffering as stemming from cravings (in the extreme, greed), aversions (fears), or delusions. To eliminate such suffering and achieve personal peace, followers in the path of the Buddha adhere to a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths—a central tenet in Buddhist philosophy.
Hindu texts contain the following passages:
May there be peace in the heavens, peace in the atmosphere, peace on the earth. Let there be coolness in the water, healing in the herbs, and peace radiating from the trees. Let there be harmony in the planets and in the stars, and perfection in eternal knowledge. May everything in the universe be at peace. Let peace pervade everywhere, at all times. May I experience that peace within my own heart?
1. Yajur Veda
Let us not concord with our own people, and concord with people who are strangers to us. Celestial Twins, create between us and the strangers a unity of hearts. May we unite in our minds, unite in our purposes, and not fight against the heavenly spirit within us. Let not the battle-cry rise amidst many slain, nor the arrows of the war-god fall with the break of day.
2. Yajur Veda
A superior being does not render evil for evil. This is a maxim one should observe … One should never harm the wicked or the good or even animals meriting death. A noble soul will exercise compassion even towards those who enjoy injuring others or cruel deeds … Who is without fault? (BEd 2nd Year Peace Education Study Material Notes)
3. Valmiki, Ramayana
The chariot that leads to victory is of another kind. Valor and fortitude are its wheels; truthfulness and tortuous conduct are its banners; strength, discretion, self-restraint, and benevolence are its four horses, harnessed with the cords of forgiveness, compassion, and equanimity… Whoever has this righteous chariot, has no enemy to conquer anywhere.