BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes

BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes: A2zNotes Presents study material Long Question Answer Notes by the Latest BEd Syllabus for Philosophical and Socialogical Perspective of Education. A Collection of Question-Answers compiled and Edited by A2zNotes Well Experienced Authors Based on Latest Two-Years BEd Curriculum. Here in this post, we will provide you with Long Questions and Answers for the Definition, and Meaning of Social Order, New Social Order in India, Relationship between Individual and Society in New Social Order in India.

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Meaning and Definition of Social Order

Sociologists use three terms for the form of a society—social system, social structure and social order. The use of term “social order’ was started by American sociologists, and now this term is in much vogue.

When we talk of a social system or social order in the context of a country or nation, we mean the social order that has developed on the basis of different sub-social systems— religion, political system, economic system and education, etc. We can define it in this form in brief:

By social order of a country, it meant the social order that has developed as a result of different sub-social orders.

New Social Order in India

At one time, the social order in our country was chiefly based on religious sub-social order, but now, it is chiefly based on sub-social orders of the political system, economic system and education; but it should not be taken to mean that religion and other sub-social orders are not contributing in the determination of its form; they all are contributing but in a little measure.

Of them, the first comes the political system, so we shall discuss it first.

We have a democratic political system in our country. The Preamble of our Constitution has expressed its basic spirit in very brief. At present, its Preamble reads as follows:

“WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of operation; and to promote among them all;

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.”

It is evident from this Preamble that India is a sovereign democratic republic and it is based on six basic principles of freedom, equality, fraternity, socialism, secularism and justice. Following these principles, all citizens have been conferred equal rights in the Constitution and equal duties have been determined for everybody. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

Besides, class discrimination on any basis of caste, religion and sex has been abolished. The government has legislated national laws on the basis of basic principles. As a result, a new social order is developing in the country, which is called democratic socialistic social order. Here we discuss the chief characteristics of this social order:

1. In the present Indian social order, all citizens have the freedom to express their thought and affect their development, but without impeding anyone’s freedom and without exploiting anybody.
2. All individuals enjoy equal rights in it and equal duties are specified for everybody.
3. All individuals are expected to live with the spirit of fraternity, everybody should treat everybody with love, sympathy and cooperation. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
4. The fourth feature of a democratic socialistic social order is-socialistic order. In a democratic socialistic social order, no discrimination is practised on any basis of caste, religion and sex, etc. In it, no discrimination is practised on an economic basis, emphasis is laid on the elimination of exploitation taking place in the economic field, and emphasis is laid on keeping the minimum difference in the remuneration of physical work and intellectual work, and all are given equal significance. Democracy is a staunch supporter of human rights, as a result, it emphasizes the progress of backward and low-class people. It clarifies that equality in society can be attained in that situation. The state too has undertaken solid steps for it, as a result of which caste and religion binding are becoming loose. All people study together, live together, eat together and take part in social and political programmes together. Not only this, inter-caste marriages are being accorded approval now.
5. The fifth chief feature of a democratic socialistic social order is secularism. In the new social order of India, all people have the freedom to follow their respective religions. It is our effort that such a society is constructed in which there is goodwill among people of all religions. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
6. Democracy is a staunch opponent to conflict; it emphasizes the solution of issues by dialogue in place of conflict. So justice for all is provided in a democratic socialistic social order. This is the sixth and special feature of the new Indian social order.

Besides the above sub-social orders—political system, economic system and education, there are a few other sub-social orders too that are contributing to the construction of new social order in India. Of these, the first to come is culture and religion. India is a country of different cultures and religions. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

Of them, the cultures of Indian origin are value-based cultures, they are the cultures of universal fraternity. As far as religions are concerned, our political system has adopted secularism; but some fundamentalist elements are proving to be an obstacle in its path and the people involved in vote politics are adding fuel to fire. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

Consequently, while religious superstitions are being eliminated and religious tolerance is being encouraged by the political system; on the other, such selfish people are encouraging religious sentiments.

Whatever the fact, a change has occurred in the present social order, now it is no more traditional but progressive, and it has a fine synthesis of materialistic and spiritualistic attitudes. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

On the basis of all the above sub-social orders and other sub-social orders, the newly emerging social order in India at present is influenced the most by its political system and it can be called a democratic socialistic social order. In it, everybody has the freedom to express his thoughts and affect his development, all possess equal rights and equal duties which are specified for everybody. It is another thing that people are aware of their rights and not of their duties. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

Now we are advancing toward such a social order in which there will be different castes, but without caste-based discrimination; there will be different religions but without religion-based discrimination; and all men and women will have equal rights and equal opportunities for development. Despite industrialization, urbanization and westernization, there will be a beautiful and welfare-oriented materialistic and spiritualistic attitude synthesis. The people involved in vote politics will not be able to last long, the youth power is about to rise against them. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

Relationship between Individuals and Society in New Social Order in India

In essence, democratic socialistic social order is developing in India. In this social order, the relationship between individual and individual, and individual and society are based on democratic principles. Our cultural heritage also plays a vital role in it. Our culture is based on humanistic values and lays emphasis on such conduct. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)

We discuss the relationship between individual and individual and individual and society in the new social order in India in brief.

Relationship between Individual and Individual

In the new social order in India, the individual is looked at with respect. It emphasizes establishing’ the following relationships between individual and individual:

1. Each individual should be free to express his opinion, but without being an obstacle to others’ freedom.
2. All individuals should respect the individuality of other individuals, nobody should look down upon others on any basis.
3. All individuals should behave with others in a brotherly manner, all should love one another, all should have sympathy for each other and all should cooperate with one another. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
4. No individual differentiates any other individual on the basis of caste, religion, sex, economic status or region, etc. It is also necessary that no individual exploits any other individual. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
5. All individuals should respect the culture and religion of others and should not differentiate on their basis. Everybody should consider himself a citizen of the nation. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
6. All individuals should solve conflicts by talking, and if fail they should seek the courts of law to resolve their differences and respect the decision of the court of law. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
7. All individuals should live peacefully.

Relationship between Individuals and Society

In the new social order in India, equal significance is attached to both individuals and society. It is expected that individuals and society will maintain the following relationship:

1. Each individual should be independent to express his opinion and affect his development to the extent that causes no harm to society, and the society should be helpful in the controlled freedom and approved development of the individual.
2. There should be no external pressure of the individual on society, and vice versa, all of them should be governed by the social self. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
3. Each individual should get an equal place in society, no discrimination should be practised on the basis of caste, religion, sex or economic status, etc. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
4. Each individual should treat his interest and social interest at par, and society should treat its interest at par with individual interest. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
5. Each individual should be helpful in the construction of society, and society should be helpful in the development of each individual. (BEd 2nd Year Social Order Study Material Notes)
6. Each individual should follow his duties towards society, and society should follow its duties towards the individuals.