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Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India

Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India

Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India

Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India: In this post, we will learn about Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India. In Bed 2nd Year there is one of the most important questions comes from Environment Education. You will learn about Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India. Teaching is a social and professional activity. It is a process of development. Teaching is a system of actions that induce learning through interpersonal relationships. and all the rest you will study in this Blog

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Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India
Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India

Biodiversity in India

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held recently in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) helped to place the loss of biodiversity and its conservation on the global agenda. Resulting in biodiversity becoming a household word. Biodiversity is a new term for species richness (plants, animals, microorganisms) occurring as an interacting biotic component of an ecosystem in a given habitat. Biodiversity is an irreplaceable resource. Its extinction is forever. We cannot recreate a dinosaur now.

India is a country rich in biodiversity as relevant both to the health of the biosphere in general and to agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries forestry and pharmaceutical industry in particular. Biodiversity is indeed the bedrock of all bio-industrial development in the unusually large rural sector of the country. (Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India)

India has nearly 50,000 plant and 80,000 animal species already identified and described. There are about 20,000 lowering plants, 67,000 insects, 420 reptiles, 1,200 birds and 340 mammals. In addition, the country is a very important Vavilovian Centre of Diversity and Origin of over 167 important cultivated plant species and some domesticated animals. To cite a few, the following crops arose in India and spread throughout the world: rice, sugarcane, Asiatic vignas, jute, mango, citrus, banana, several millets, species, medicinals, aromatics and ornamentals etc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India)

Types of Soils of India

On the basis of their nature and composition, soils of Indian have been classifications into six major types as below:

  1. Alluvial Soil. These are found chiefly in the Indo-Gangetic plain covering the state of Punjab and Haryana in the North-West, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in the north and Bengal and parts of Meghalaya and Odisha in the north-east. This soil also occurs in the east coast deltas and terrace, deltaic and lagoon alluvium of Peninsular Indian. It is rich in loams and clay components in Punjab and western Ganga plains. The loam component increases and sand decreases in the central Ganga plains, where the much calcareous Kankar is common. The soil is generally alkaline or neutral in reaction. In Ganga-Brahmaputra plains soll contains very fine particles varying from loams to very fine silt clay.
  2. Black Soils. This type of soil is common in the Deccan traps including Maharashtra, Mysore and Madhya Pradesh It is also present in the Krishnaungabhadra, the basin of Tamil Nadu. In western Deccan, these are indeed black-cotton soils-regular, whereas in the eastern part these are medium light black type. Soils of Vindhya and adjacent hills are also called ‘brown soil’. Black soil is predominantly clay, with patches of clay loam, loam and sand loams.
  3. Red Soils. These cover large areas in the south, and in the northeast of the peninsula including Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and part of Bihar, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Their red colour is due to the high proportion of iron components. These are mainly sandy to loam in texture, with gravels on upper slopes, then sandy soils, deeper loamy soils on lower, slopes and loams or rather clay in the valley bottoms, Clay of true as well as low lateralities also occur in this zone in the Western Ghats and Kerala respectively. Again there are also a number of red, yellowish and whitish clays in some parts of South-West India.
  4. Skeleta (mountain) Soils. These occur in north-western hills or the Aravallis, where there are stony sandy hill foot fans and slope colluviums and in the humid south and east of the Himalayas and in Meghalaya where these are more clayey of Kutch.
  5. Desert Soils. These cover large parts of Rajasthan and the semi-desert areas of the Rann of Kutch.
  6. Laterite Soils (Latosils). These are present in the Western Ghats, the northern half of the eastern Ghats, eastern margins of Chota Nagpur plateau, Meghalaya, a few patches around Kathiawar, and in two areas in the centre of the peninsula North of Bengaluru and west of Hyderabad. These soils have porous clay rich in hydroxides of iron and aluminium. At low elevations, such soil is suitable for paddy cultivation, whereas those at higher elevations, favour the growth of coffee, rubber, tea and Cinchona.

Indian sub-continent lies to the north of the equator between latitudes 8° North and 36° North. India is supposed to be a tropical country though, the northern part—of the Gangetic Plain belongs geographically to the north temperate zone of the world. The climate of the country is chiefly influenced by the physiographic of several hills and ranges, such as the Himalayan range, mountain ranges of Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh and the Western Ghats together with the Nilgiris and other hills in the south. The climate of India is of monsoon type. According to Meteorological Department, Government of India, there are following four seasons in the country:

(i) The seasons of the north-east monsoon,

(a) The ‘cool season’ from mid-December to February,

(b) The ‘hot dry season’ from March to mid-June.

(ii) The seasons of the Southeast monsoon,

(a) The ‘wet season’ from mid-June to mid-September,

(b) The ‘season of retreating monsoon’, from mid-September to December

Government Organizations

(i) Madras wild Elephant Preservation Act, 1873.

(ii) All-India Elephant Preservation Act, 1879.

(iii) The wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912.

(iv) Bengal Rhinoceros preservation Act, 1932.

(v) Assam Rhinoceros preservation Act, 1954

(vi) Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) 1952.

(vii) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

(viii) Establishment of National parks, Sanctuaries and Zoological KL Gardens.

(ix) India become a party to ‘conservation of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (of Willd Flora and Fauna) in 1976.

(x) Indian National Man and Biosphere Committee, 1972 for Biosphere Reserve.

(xi) Projects to conserve individual endangered species like crocodiles (1954), lions (1972) and tigers.

(xii) National Wildlife Action Plan, 1982 endorsed by IBWL.

Non-government Organization

  1. Bombay Natural History Society was founded in 1883, it is engaged in the collection of information and Ceylon.
  2. Wildlife Preservation Society of India, Dehradun. It was founded with several objectives of wildlife management.
  3. World Wide Fund for Nature India. The World Wildlife Fund, Indian national Apparel was launched in India in 1969 at the time of the XII General of the International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural assembly of the International Union of conservation of National assembly of the International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, held at Delhi. WWF-International was formed in 1961, with its Headquarters at Glands, Switzerland, and controlled by a board of International Trustees. (Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Biodiversity in India)

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