BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health

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Criteria of Mental Health

On the basis of the above viewpoints, clinical experience, critical observation, and research studies a number of criteria of normality have been ascertained. They may be stated as follows-

1. Adequate Feelings of Personal Worth: The person should suffer neither from inferiority feelings nor from a superiority complex, Superiority complex, in fact, is nothing but deep-rooted inferiority. If a straight line forms an acute with another line on one side the other angle is automatically obtuse. The best attitude is always right-angled, i.e., adequate feelings of personal worth. One should be satisfied with his performance in the various realms of behavior.
   In Walt Whitman’s language, “It is sufficient for me that I exist as I am”. These feelings cannot come out of a vacuum. One has to establish one’s worth through hard work and solid attainment for social good.
2. Adequate Feelings of Security: The person feels that he is wanted, he feels comfortable and safe. He feels that there are some people who care for him and who are interested in him. He enjoys the affection of his family, the good wishes of friends, and a reasonably cordial relationship with people in general. To develop this state of mind, one has to be altruistic and come out of the cocoon of his self-interests. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)
3. Adequate Feelings of Self-Confidence: The person has faith in his ability to succeed. He feels he will do reasonably well in whatever job he undertakes. He does things independently of others, depends on his own abilities, and directs his own activities and efforts. For this one has to choose his ‘work’ judiciously, and plan tests, competitions, and events in such a way that he meets minimum failure, especially in the beginning. One who meets failure in the initial stages of each project undertaken is likely to develop diffidence and consequently inferiority feelings.
4. Adequate Undertaking of Self: The person has some insight regarding his own motives and desires, as well as his weaknesses and strengths. He attempts to evaluate his own behavior objectively. Self-analysis should lead to this sort of self-insight. For self-analysis, self-introspection is the first stage. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)
5. Adequate Understanding of Others: The person gets along well with other people. He has some understanding of their motives as well as their problems. He estimates the relative importance of conflicting demands and knows when he should give in and when he should stand firm. There is a caution that this criterion should be applied with care since there is a large cultural component involved here. In Indian conditions, with physical squalor and moral filth around us, a reformer is not expected to get along with other people. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)

Swami Dayanand felt alienated from society and was poisoned by society. So does every socially creative person. If one is not getting along well with the society around him, one should enquire into his values and motives before declaring whether he is mentally healthy. Conformity with social norms is not the sale and sure criterion of mental health.

It should be consistent with a higher philosophy of life for bringing maximum happiness for maximum people for maximum time.

6. Adequate Emotional Maturity: The person views obstacles as problems to be solved rather than as occasions for the display of emotional tensions. He ordinarily does not worry about his future or what cannot be helped but meets each unforeseen situation as it arises, tries to understand it, and attack it with the resources at his command.

He is also capable of making a good heterosexual adjustment. This sort of emotional equanimity in emotional trials is achieved through a long practice of cooling down any excessive emotional outburst and toning up any excessive emotional depression.

The middle path in emotional life is the golden path. The true virtue lies between two extremes. This psychophysical organism, if submitted to excessive emotional experiences like that of fear, rage, sex, hatred, depression, etc., is ruined. One has to bring faith in a ‘higher power’ to ensure emotional equanimity in trials and tribulations.

This faith, which in fact is the kingpin of all true religions, is not instead of intellect, but in spite of it a balance between faith and intellect, between effort and resignation is indispensable.

Weakness of faith combined with the strength of intellect is likely to lead to the error of talkativeness and susceptibility to depression and dejection. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)

The strength of faith combined with the weakness of intellect is likely to lead to fanaticism and narrow-minded dogmatism or to irascibility. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)

7. Adequate Orientation and Goals: The person has some understanding of his environment, be it narrow or extended, and the forces and movements with which he must deal. He is neither goalless nor rudderless. He is rarely puzzled by a seeming confusion in the more or less orderly cause and effect relationship of events.
8. Adequate Integration of Personality: The person functions as an organized unit. His thought processes and his emotions are harmonious and compatible. He does not hesitate too long in his attempts to solve his problems, nor allow emotional tension to build up inhibitions that reduce him to futile inactivity. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)
9. Adequate Vocational Relationships: The person experiences reasonable success in his vocational endeavors. He enters an occupation that satisfies his need for approval, or he modifies his viewpoint and finds in previous uncongenial work other factors which satisfy his need for mastery, success, and satisfaction.
10. Adequate Basic Harmony: The person achieves fundamental harmony with his environment. When his own ambitions conflict too seriously with his ability to satisfy them or with the rights and desires of others, he so modifies reduces, or changes them so that they still provide for desirable personal satisfaction and for the welfare of others.

The above ten criteria, although of general nature and in many instances interrelated should provide an understanding of the attitudes and behavior tendencies that, in general; constitute normality. In summary, they indicate that the well-adjusted individual has integrated his basic needs with the demands of social living and has high frustration tolerance.

He is capable of experiencing severely frustrating situations without being seriously disorganized.

He views problems as challenges and meets stress-producing situations with reasonably appropriate and intelligent action. He tries to modify or destroy the undesirable environment around him and also is ever willing to bring in changes with his own perceptions, attitudes, and ideals. He faces reality with a certain amount of confidence and courage.

He works with vigor and enthusiasm to attain both his immediate and his more distant goals. It is within this framework that an individual’s behavior is to be judged as of normal mental health.

In the end, we would like to give a multiple criterion approach to mental health by Jahoda (1958) where six major categories are identified as follows-

1. Attitude consciousness, towards the self: Including its accessibility to consciousness, correctness towards the self-concept, self-acceptance, self-drive, and a sense of identity. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)
2. Degree of Self-actualization: The growth, development, and realization of the individual’s potentialities through action. As Maslow has given, growth is viewed here as a positive concept not a deficit reduction process.
3. Integration: Including the balance of psychic forces, a unifying outlook on life, and resistance to stress. In psycho-analytic terminology we can put that Ego should be strong enough to maintain a conscious and dynamic and stable balance between the opposing forces of the Id and Super-ego. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)
4. Autonomy: The individual’s conscious decimation of environmental forces and his degree of independence from social influences. It has been studied that creative people follow the following order in their process of social creativity-(a) Social awareness, (b) Social corner, (c) Social alienation, and (d) Determination to bring social changes.
5. Perception of Reality: Including freedom from need-distortion, and empathy or social awareness sensitivity. In other words, it means sufficient objectivity in social sensitivity. In other words, it means sufficient objectivity in imagination, but we should be alert enough to see the reality around and within us from some distance just as one views goods displayed in a show-case. Too much subjectivity would mean that the difference between the subject and the object is not there.
6. Environmental Mastery: Including (a) ability to love, (b) adequacy in love, work, and play, (c) adequacy in inter-personal relation, (d) efficiency in love, work, and play, (d) efficiency in meeting situational requirements, (e) capacity for adaption and adjustment, and (f) efficiency in problem-solving. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)
7. A Balance Between Strength of Faith and Strength of Intellect: In this industrial and science-oriented society, proper emotional development is a casualty. What intellect is to the cognitive life, faith is to the emotional life.
8. A Balance Between Effort and Resignation: This is one of the main themes of the Gita.
   Bertrand Russel in his book, “The Conquest of Happiness puts that wisdom lies in putting best”. Efforts in the work and then in resigning totally later. (BEd 2nd Year What do you mean by Criteria of Mental Health)