Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching

Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching:  In this post, you will learn about Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching. In Bed, Teacher Teaching, and Technology one of the most important questions is Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching. A2zNotes.com will Provide you best Study material for Bed Teachers, Teaching, and Technology. Teaching is an Important Part of Bed Examination.

Similar Questions:-

Distinguish between Hardware and Software Technology with 10 examples
Describe the importance of Educational Technology. How is it helpful for teachers?
What do you mean by Correlation of Social Science with Other Subjects?
Differentiate between Educational and Educational Technology

For all Notes 🡫
Bed Notes <Click>

Meaning of Teaching in Autocratic

The type of teaching behavior is based on the classical theory of organization: task-centered. It has an assumption that members of the organization are primarily passive instruments, capable of performing work and accepting direction but not initiating actions.

In this type of teaching behavior, the teacher exercises a firm centralized control. He directs every action of his students. He does all the planning for the class and gives all the directions. He tells the students what to think as well as what to do. He thinks and regards himself as the only active agent in teaching and considers students passive listeners of instruction and information.

H.C. Morrison (1934) has defined ‘teaching’ according to the authoritarian model of behavior:

“Teaching is an intimate contact between a more mature personality and a less mature which is designed to further the education of the latter.”

In this definition, Morrison considers that teacher is a more mature personality and the student is a less mature personality. In the process of education, the teacher helps in developing the student’s personality through his intimate contact.

The teacher has the primary place and the student has the second place in the authoritarian teaching behavior. The teacher is considered an ideal model that student has to copy down.

This type of teaching confines to memory level, there is no place for developing feelings and attitudes of the students. There is no scope for criticism in this type of teaching; even a teacher can teach wrong things to the students. Thus the teacher’s behavior is influenced by the authoritarian form of government.

Meaning of Teaching in Democratic

Teaching is the democratic form of government based on the ‘Human relations theory of organization: relationship-centered.’ The main assumption of this theory is that members bring to their organization attitudes values and goals; that they have to be motivated to participate in the system of organizational behavior. The attitudes and morale of the workers are important in the explanation of the organization’s behavior. (Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching)

• Edmund Amidon (1967) has defined the term ‘teaching’ in view of the democratic model of behavior: “Teaching is defined as an interactive process, primarily involving classroom talk which takes place between teacher and pupils and occurs during definable activities.”
• Amidon considers teaching as an interactive process. Ned A. Flanders also defines “teaching as an interactive process. Interaction means the participation of both is benefited by this. The interaction takes place for achieving desired objectives.”
• N.L. Gage (1962) also defines the democratic model of behavior. “Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at changing the behavior potential of another person.”
• Gage gives more emphasis on the interpersonal relationship between teacher and student. The objectives of teaching are to change the behavior of the students.

In this type of teaching, the teacher plays the role of a democratic group leader.

His main aim is to lead his students in the study of significant problems in the area in which he is teaching. There is always a scope in such a classroom for interchange of ideas, evidence, and insights, give and take, and respect for one another’s ideas. the teaching activities in this model recognized here are: motivating, planning, counseling, and evaluation. Classroom talk can be classified and analyzed.

Meaning of Teaching in Laissez Faire

Teaching behavior in a laissez-faire form of government is based on the ‘Modern’ theory of organization, ‘Task and relationship centered’. It has an assumption that members of the organization are decision-makers and problem solvers and that perception and processes are central to the explanation of the behavior of the organization.

John Brubacher has defined the term teaching according to the laissez-faire model of behavior: “Teaching is an arrangement and manipulation of a situation in which there are gaps and obstructions in which an individual will seek to overcome and from which he will learn in the course of doing so.”

It is evident from the above definition of teaching that a student is more active than a teacher. The teacher’s job is to create the situation for the learner. The teacher leaves students on their own. Here students but not the teachers decide what they want to do and how they will do it. This type of teaching may be organized even at a reflective level.

Thus, teaching can be defined with reference to the form of government, but it isn’t easy to provide a universal definition of teaching.

Another difficulty in defining the term teaching is that it has three dimensions:

1. Logic of teaching
2. Technology of Teaching
3. The semantics of teaching. The second type of teaching behavior is characterized by a great deal of education in our country. According to our social conditions, the following definitions are most appropriate:

Educational technologist B.O. Smith has defined the term teaching universally. “Teaching is a system of actions intended to induce learning through interpersonal relationships.”

Teaching is that Activity that influences learning but the interpersonal relationship is an essential situation. The main focus of teaching is to enable the student to learn in all types of situations but the nature of the interpersonal relationships may vary from situation to situation. It seems to be a comprehensive definition of teaching.

The main focus of teaching is to facilitate learning, Where there is teaching-learning must be there. Teaching activities are designed to produce a change in the behavior of the learners. Therefore, a new concept of teaching-learning has emerged in the field of education. The concept of teaching is incomplete without learning.

General Meaning and Definition of Teaching

B.O. Smith (1961) put it like this ‘Learning does not necessarily issue of teaching that teaching is one thing and learning is quite another. It enables us to analyze the concept of teaching without referring to the process and conditions of learning. Smith suggests a definition Teaching is a system of actions intended to induce learning.’

Learning is often defined as a relatively “permanent change in behavior”; this usually concludes the influence of growth, motivation, and emotions. (Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching)

Clark suggests a definition of teaching activities that are designed and performed to produce a change in student behavior. B.S. Bloom (1956) states that teaching activities: lecture, question answer, discussion, discovery, and assignments aim to achieve cognitive, affective, and psychomotor goals. (Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching)

N.L. Gage (1969) considers that the process of teaching and learning must be adapted to each other so as to make whatever combination of procedures pay off best. We should conceive teaching-learning as a process for effective learning.

These definitions indicate that learning is essential for teaching and the learning structure should be considered for effective teaching. Now, greater emphasis has been laid on the concept of teaching-learning.

Thomas R Green has argued differently in his book entitled ‘Activities of Teaching’, that ‘there is no learning without teaching and teaching may not be without learning. He puts it like this, teaching intent or goals may be learning but all teaching may not facilitate learning. He has further illustrated that pleading a case may be the purpose to win it but there is no surety to winning the case. Similarly, the doctor gives a treatment to cure the patient but every patient is not cured by the treatment. The teacher designs teaching to induce learning but every student is not able to learn. On the other hand, learning is the change in behavior through situations and beliefs, judgment, and insight. The teaching is based primarily on feeling, aesthetics,s, and artistry, not scientific rules and principles. Teaching is to be analyzed in scientific and artistic ways with the following components.

1. Teaching situation or interaction.
2. Teaching process.
3. Teaching activities and actions.
4. Teaching tricks and trades.
5. Teaching skills.
6. Face-to-face encounters in teaching and
7. Teaching means generating situations and conditions.

Teaching Principles are Based upon Learning Principles

In the teaching process, leaching strategies and tactics are selected to achieve specific objectives of learning. Therefore, it is essential to evolve principles of teaching which can be used for designing effective teaching acts and developing effective teaching strategies. But no set of principles has emerged that may truly be called principles of teaching. Hilgard (1956) made an attempt to prepare a list of some generalizations about teaching, which are acceptable to most learning theories.

William H Burton (1958) and his associates have discovered principles of teaching. Burton’s principles may be tentative and need verification. Burton has suggested that a number of theories of learning may be reviewed in order to develop the principles of teaching. According to him no theory of learning is comprehensive in all respect. He has found only two summaries of principles of teaching that are in agreement with theories-

1. Hilgard’s (1956) principles of teaching.
2. L.R. or T.R. McConnell (1958) principles of teaching.
3. Teaching Principles which are Based upon Hilgard’s Learning Principles

Burton has prepared a list of learner characteristics considering Hilgard’s learning principles and determined learning situations for developing these characteristics. These learning situations are termed Burton’s principles or teaching. A list of these principles based on Hilgard’s learning principles is as follows:

Principles of Teaching Based on Psychological Variables 

Teaching Principles which are Based upon Learning Principles of L.R. or T.R. McConnell

Burton has another source for teaching principles, i.e., McConnell’s learning principles, Burton (1958) has used these Principles to develop his own position in the paper entitled ‘Basic principles in a good teaching-learning Situation.’ Burton has prepared a list of learners’ abilities considering McConnell’s learning principles and he has evolved the setting for learning as principles of teaching. The learner’s characteristics and teaching principles have been summarized in the table.

Teaching Principles Based on Learner Characteristics

	Learner’s Characteristics	Teaching Principles
1.	The learner is a living organism a unitary integrated whole.	The learning experiences should be provided for the natural integration of feeling, doing, and thinking aspects.
2.	The learner always seeks to maintain equilibrium or balance by satisfying his needs.	The learning experiences should be provided in meeting the needs of the learner.
3.	The learner is a goal-seeking organism and satisfies his needs.	The setting of learning should be purposive or goal-oriented. Appropriate guidance may be given to a learner to achieve his goal.
4.	The learner is an active behavior exploring individual.	The learning situation should provide freedom to develop creative contributions.
5.	Notable differences exist between individuals in the speed of learning or rote of learning.	Different types of learning experiences should be provided for satisfying the needs of each and every learner.
6.	The learner is a social being who brings with him a personality and set of values. He needs a social environment.	The family background and individuality of the learner should be taken into account while establishing learning experiences for him.
7.	A learner may be quite immature so he needs guidance.	Learners need sympathetic guidance while building awareness, and personality development.
8.	The learner is a social being and seeks activities involving other people or Group work.	The whole range of classroom interaction should be the cooperative group process to develop the socialized personality.

Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching
Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching
Bed 2nd Year What do you mean by Teaching