BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources
BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources: In this post, we will learn about BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources? In BEd 2nd Year there is one of the most important questions comes from Environment Education. You will learn about BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources? Teaching is a social and professional activity. It is a process of development. Teaching is a system of actions that induce learning through interpersonal relationships. and all the rest you will study in this Blog.
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Forests Resources
Forests and wildlife are essential for the ecological balance of an area. Forests are important components of our environment and economy. Besides economy, forests check air pollution and soil erosion; they save the hill-slopes from landslides and desert trees reduce wind erosion by checking wind velocity. Forests attract rainfall too.
Forests are an important renewable natural resource. The forest ecosystem is dominated by trees, their species-content varying in different parts of the world. Forests contribute substantially to the economic development of our country by providing goods and services to the people and industry. They also play an important role in enhancing the quality of the environment by influencing the life-supporting system. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
Forests are also linked with our culture and civilization. The chief product that forests supply is wood, which is used as fuel; raw material for various industries such as pulp, paper, newsprint, and board; timber for furniture items; other uses such as packing articles (for fruit, tea etc.) matines, sports goods etc. Indian forests also supply minor forest products like canes, guns, resins, dyes, tannins, lac, fibres, medicines, Katha, etc. For tribal people forests also provide food (tuber, roots, leaves, fruits meat from birds and other animals) and medicare. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
India has a very rich flora and fauna, much of which is present in forest areas.
Besides the above-said uses, forests are also a major factor of environmental concern, providing protection to wildlife, helping in balancing the gaseous (CO2, 02) cycles of the atmosphere, tend to increase local rainfall and water holding capacity of the soil, maintaining the soil fertility, regulate the earth’s temperature regimes and the water cycle, check soil erosion, landslides, shifting of sand-silting and reduce the flood havoc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
Forests also have aesthetic and touristic values and serve as gene reserves of important species.
Conservation Foresty Or Need of Conservation of Forest
Traditionally, we have a deep involvement with forestry. Indian philosophy developed in forests under trees. Since forests cover has decreased to about 14%. It needs protection. The following three types of situations are recognized.
Conservation of Reserve Forests
These are areas where our water regimes are located (Himalayas and Western and Eastern Ghats together with catchment areas); National Parks Sanctuaries, Sacred Groves; Biosphere Reserves and all ecologically fragile areas. No commercial exploitation can be allowed in these areas and these need in order to fulfil the real goal of eco-development. Such awareness will be very helpful for the supply of goods and services to meet the local villager’s needs. One very good example of public support is the Chipko Movement of Bishnoi Women in the U.P. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
Limited Production Forests
These are less fertile at more than 1000 meters altitude with hilly topography. A part of the annual increment may be harvested in a very careful and controlled manner so as to avoid soil and tree damage. Here the basic forestry stock and the forest health should remain unaffected after working in the forests. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
Production Forests
There are forests on flat land and managed for a high degree of production. Their working on scientific lines with proper logging techniques does not pose environmental problems. Under all the above-said situations efforts should aim to generate forests and not plantations. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
A forest as a whole with its three storeys (tall trees; smaller trees or shrubs; and the ground cover or small shrubs and/or herbs) together with soil and micro-flora forms a living and dynamic system which has an interesting architecture.
Strategy to Avert Depletion of Tree Cover
The following strategy should help avert further depletion of tree cover in. the conservation areas:
(1) Those who manage and those who utilize trees must identify their interest in their preservation. This calls for (a) creating a new cadre of forest managers and bare-foot foresters committed to conservation, (b) movement of rural/tribal people in forestry programmes and (c) encouraging industries using forest products to obtain raw materials at market price and help them to raise much in advance to meet their needs. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
(2) Forest dwellers must have access to subsidized sources of fuel, fodder, building material etc. so that they do not cut trees.
(3) Moratorium (at least 15-20 years) on commercial tree feelings in fragile, areas of the Himalayas and other hilly areas.
(4) Massive afforestation programmes with people’s participation during the moratorium.
(5) To modify working plans into environmentally sound action plans based on scientific research.
(6) Community forests around the village are managed by people’s co-operatives.
(7) Extension orientation for Forest Dept.
(8) Creation of new stock.
(9) Involvement of masses and voluntary agencies in the task of tree planting.
(10) Building up of information base.
Forest Conservation Through Law
National Forest Policy 1952 enunciated that one-third of the geographic areas of the country should be under forests. However, there has been continuous deforestation in the country for various reasons, and it is estimated that 4.238 M ha of forest land was officially diverted to non-forest purposes between 1951-52 and it is 1979-80. With a view to conserving forests, the Government of India could enact the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
The act was enacted with a view to checking indiscriminate de-reservation and diversion of forest land to non-forest purposes. Under this Act, prior approval from the Central Government is required before any reserved forest is declared as deserved, or forest land is diverted to non-forest purposes. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
If diversion is permitted, compensatory afforestation is insisted upon and other suitable conditions imposed. Where non-forest lands are available compensatory afforestation be raised over the equivalent area of non-forest lands. Where non-forest lands are not available, compensatory plantations be raised over degraded forests twice in the extent to the area being diverted.
The Forests (Conservation) Act, 1980 was amended in 1988 to incorporate stricter panel provisions against violators. Important amendments are as follows:
(i) No State government or other authority may direct that any forest land may be assigned by way of lease or otherwise to any person, corporation or agency/organisation (not owned by the government) without prior approval of the Central government.
(ii) No forest land or any portion thereof may be cleared of trees which have grown naturally in that land or portion, for the purpose of using it for reforestation without prior approval of the Central government.
(iii) Scope of existing”non-forest purposes” has been extended to other areas such as the cultivation of tea, coffee, species, rubber, palms, medicinal plants, etc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Forests Resources)
(iv) Admissible punishment to the offender of the provision of Section-2 of the Act.