BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning
BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning: In this post, we will learn about BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning? In Bed 2nd Year there is one of the most important questions comes from Growing up as a Learner. BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning? Teaching is a social and professional activity. It is a process of development. Teaching is a system of actions that induce learning through interpersonal relationships. and all the rest you will study in this Blog.
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Meaning and Definition of Learning
Learning is the innate nature of man. A few months after birth, he starts to imitate the activities of the persons with whom he comes, into contact. As he grows a little, whatever new he sees, he asks questions ‘what, why, and how, and gains knowledge about the objects and activities around him. As he grows a little more, he is sent to school. There he gains knowledge of the different subjects and different activities. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
Generally, this is called learning. However, in psychology learning means something different and something more than it.
The term learning is used in two forms ill psychology-as a process and as a product. As a process, learning means that process by which man receives new facts and learns how to do new activities, and as a product, learning means that behavioral change in man which is caused by the knowledge of new facts and training in new activities. There is no meaning in learning in the view of psychologists until it affects change in human behavior. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
In studying the process of development of man, psychologists have reached the conclusion that man does some tasks naturally, such as breathing, eyelid movement, seeing, hearing, moving hands and feet, rising and sitting, walking and running, and making sounds from the mouth. In addition to them, there are some activities that he starts to do with his physical and mental development as searching for food on feeling hungry. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
All these tasks are called instinctive behavior. Man has not learned these activities, so they are called unlearned actions. Sudden expression of emotions, such as crying and laughing are also included in unlearned action Besides them, there are some such tasks which a man learns in his natural and social environment, such as climbing up a tree, swimming in the water, and speaking a particular language, etc. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
These activities are called learned actions by psychologists. The process of learning these activities is called learning.
Psychologist Woodworth has defined it in this form. In his words:
The process of acquiring new knowledge and new responses is the process of learning. -Woodworth
Crow and Crow have taken it in a link wider form. In their words:
Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge, and attitudes. -Crow and Crow
But most psychologists have defined learning as the process of behavioral change. In the words of Gates and others:
Learning is the modification of behavior through experience and training. –Gates and others
According to psychologist Charles E Skiner, man does not effect a change to his behavior only for the sake of behavioral change, rather he also adjusts himself to the environment. He has defined the learning basis of this fact. In his words:
Learning is a process of progressive behavior adaptation. -CE Skiner
Hilgard has defined learning by keeping both the above two factors before him. In his words:
Learning is the process by which behavior is o through practice or training.
According to Blair, Jones, and Simpson, learning is neither behavioral change nor adjustment to the environment by behavioral change. According to them, learning should enable an individual to face the circumstances in the future, besides these two. In their words:
Any change of behavior that is a result of experience and which causes people to face later situations differently may be called learning. -Blair, Jones, and Simpson
Now let us consider learning in our own way. Man does not learn only by experience and training, rather he learns by several methods, such as experience, teaching, training, study, etc. Secondly, whatever he learns new, he retains it over many days. Thirdly, he makes use of this acquired knowledge and skill when needed and gives a proper direction to his behavior.
From this viewpoint, learning should be defined as follows:
Learning meant acquiring new facts and getting training in new activities by any method of experience, teaching, training or study, etc., and to retain these over many days and to use these when needed, and thus give a proper direction to one’s behavior.
Nature and Characteristics of Learning
Psychologists have minutely studied the process of human learning and its outcome. Though each organism starts to learn something or the other soon after its birth, man is all intellectual being, so the process of his learning and its outcome are different from those of other organisms. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
Psychologists have revealed the following facts about the process of human learning and its outcome. These are called the nature or characteristics of learning. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
- Learning is the Inherent Nature of Man: Learning is the inherent nature of man, this is another thing that this tendency is very intense in some individuals, normal in some, and low in others.
We are aware that man possesses an innate tendency to imitate, he starts to learn by imitating the activities of his race a few months after his birth. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
The man also possesses the instinct of curiosity, whenever he perceives, a new object or activity, he starts to ask ‘what, how, and why about it. And the greatest innate gift to him is his intelligence, which assists him in knowing everything whether it is concrete or abstract. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning) - Learning is both a Process and a Product: Man learns by imitation, observation, teaching, training, study, etc. From this viewpoint, learning is a process. And there is no meaning in learning until it affects changes in human behavior (physical and mental). Learning from this viewpoint of behavioral change is an outcome.
- Learning is Purposeful: All beings in the world learn to adjust to their circumstances, including man. But man has other purposes in addition to it. He learns the language and behavior norms of the society in order to adjust to it, he learns his culture in order to get prestige in the society, he learns skills in his vocation and industry for his economic development, etc.
- Learning is a Lifelong process: Generally, it is understood that man learns general behavior in his family and receives specific knowledge in schools, colleges, and universities, but in fact, he learns lifelong. Now the question arises-how? It is evident that an individual comes into contact with different people all his life and passes through different stages and Circumstances, due to which he always learns something or the other. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
- There are Three Elements in the Process of Learning: The first element in the process of learning is learning the new knowledge or skill. The second element is to retain this knowledge or skill over many days, and the third element is to apply this knowledge or skill when needed. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)
- Learning is a Sequential Process: There is a sequence in the process of human learning. In the beginning, he learns only by observation, listening, or reading, which is called memory level learning. As he grows, he uses his intelligence and accepts facts after due consideration, which is called understanding level learning.
When an individual also uses his intelligence and reasoning and accepts a fact after verifying it on the test of logic, then it is called reflective level learning. This is the highest level of learning. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning) - Learning Depends on Heredity and Environment: What a man learns and how much he learns, depends on his heredity and environment. All individual is born with certain inherent faculties of learning (body, intelligence, mental faculties) and he receives the material to learn from the environment. We want to make one thing clear as a man grows his physical and mental powers also grow, maturity is the first requirement for learning. (BEd 2nd Year What do you understand by Learning)