Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks
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Sanctuaries and National Parks
India, nearly 200 sanctuaries and national parks have been established for wildlife management. Sanctuaries are places where the killing or capturing of any animals is prohibited except under the order of the authority concerned. They provide protection and optimum living conditions to wild animals. National Parks are set up for preserving flora, fauna, landscapes, and historic objects in an area. Some well-known wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India are as follows:
- Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary. It is established in 1926 in the district Sibsagar, a subdivision of Jorhat (Assam) on the South bank of the Brahmaputra river. It consists of 430 sq km of forest grassland and, swamps and supports fauna of 700 rhinoceros, besides elephant, wild buffalo, bison, tiger, leopard sloth bear, sambhar, swamp deer, hog deer, barking deer, wild boar, gibbon, and birds like a pelican, stork, and ring-tailed fishing eagles.
- Mans Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve. It is located in district Kamrup in Assam, has an area of 540 sq km, and is situated at an altitude of 80 meters, River Manas passes through it. It contains the following wild animals-tiger, panther, wild dog, wild boar, rhinoceros, gaur, wild buffalo Bambhar, swamp deer, and golden language.
- Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary. It is situated in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal and is a 65 sq km stretch of grassland. Its wildlife fauna includes animals like rhinoceros, gaur, elephant, tiger, leopard, deer, and a variety of birds and reptiles.
- Palamau National Park. It is situated in the Daltongunj district in Bihar and has an area of 345 sq km. Its flora is thick tropical forests. The fauna this include park includes tiger, panther, sloth bear, elephant, chital, gaur, nilgai. chinkara, chowsingha, and mouse-deer. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Hazaribagh National Park. This national park was established in 1954 in Bihar. It has an area of 184 sq m of thick tropical forests. The typical fauna of this park includes wild boar, sambhar, tiger, leopard, sloth bear, hyena, and gaur.
- Simlipal National Park. It is situated in the district Mayur Bhanj in Odisha and has an area of 2750 sq km. It is covered over by dense sal forests and is chosen for project tiger. Its typical fauna includes tiger, elephant, peafowl, taking Mayans, chital, sambhar, panther, gaur, hyena, and sloth bear.
- Chilks Lake. This largest inland lake has an area of 1000 sq km and is about 100 km from Bhubaneshwar (Odisha). Its typical fauna includes waterfowls, duck, cranes, ospreys, golden plovers, sandpiper, stone curlews, flamingoes, etc.
- Kolameru Bird Sanctuary. This is a small bird sanctuary near Tadepalleguadam in Andhra Pradesh. It is a breeding place for pelicans and many marine birds visit this place.
- Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary. This small-sized but very old sanctuary extends over a lake of about 0.30 sq km, 85 km South of Chennai. Many migratory birds regularly visit this temporary lake. The regular visitors of this lake are birds like spoonbill, open-billed stork, egrets, ibis, cormorant, darter, grey heron, pelican, snipes, and dabchick.
- Guindy Deer Park. It is situated near Chennai city and has mainly chitals and back bucks. A new albino of blackbuck is also found here. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Point Calimera Wildlife Sanctuary. This is situated at the southern tip of the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu abutting the Palk strait. Its backwater and lagon are visited by flamingos and black bucks, chitals, and wild boars.
- Mundanthurai Sanctuary. It is established in 1962 in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu and has an area of 520 sq km. It has evergreen forests and the Tamaraparani river flows through this sanctuary. Its typical fauna includes panther, tiger, sambhar, and chital. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Periyar Wild Life Sanctuary. This is situated in Kerala State and has an area of 777 sq. km. It was established in 1940 around the artificial lake which arose behind the dam built across the Periyar river in 1990. This sanctuary of great science beauty supports a fauna of wild elephants, gaurs, leopards, sloth bears, sambhars, barking deer, wild dogs, wild boars, and black Nilgiri langur, and water birds like grey hornbills, egrets. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Mudamali Wild Life Sanctuary. This wildlife sanctuary was established in 1940 in the North Western part of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu. It is known for its rich forests and diversity of fauna that included wild elephant, gaur, sambhar, chital, barking deer, mouse deer, four-horned antelope, tiger, panther, bonnet monkey, langur, giant squirrel, flying squirrel, wild dog, jackal, wild cat, sloth bear, porcupine, pangolin, flying-lizard, monitor-lizard, rat snake, python, and various birds.
- Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary. It covers an area of 166 sq km and includes a series of islands in the Cauvery river 15 km off the Bengaluru-Mysore Road, near Shrirangapattnam. Its avail fauna includes open bill stock, while ibis, egret, spoonbill, wild duck, peafowl, night heron, etc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Bandipur Wild Life Sanctuary. This sanctuary was established in 1941 by the then ruler of Mysore (Karnataka). It is situated 80 km south of Mysore city en route to Ootacamund. It has an area of 874 sq km and is at an altitude of 1454.4 meters. Its forests are very thick and have plenty of rainfall. Its wildlife fauna includes plenty of gaurs and animals like elephants, leopards, sloths bear, wild dog, chital, panther, barking deer, porcupine, and langur.
- Cotigao Wild Life Sanctuary. It is located in South Goa and has an area of 105 sq. km. It has a wet evergreen forest of Elve and Berla trees and supports rich fauna of the following animals: gaur, sambhar, chital, hog-deer, barking deer, wild boar, hyena, panther, leopard, jackal, other, porcupina, and birds like a parakeet, lorikeet, woodpecker, kingfisher, bulbul, jungle fowl, egret, etc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Bhagwan Mahadev Wild Life Sanctuary. It is located in the North and has an area of 240 sq km and supports fauna almost similar to Cotigao wildlife sanctuary. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Sesan Gir. This famous wildlife sanctuary for the Asiatic lion is situated in Gujarat, 468 km from Ahmadabad and 43 km from Veraval. It has an area of 1295 sq. km of the semiarid country with patches of thorn shrub and deciduous trees. Its fauna includes the Asiatic lion, spotted deer, blue bull (nilgai), four-horned antelope, chinkara, striped hyena, wild boar, porcupine, langur, python, crocodiles, and birds like green pigeon, partridge, rock-grouse, etc.
- Kanha National Park. This national park was established in 1955 in the former Banjar Valley Reserve (Madhya Pradesh). This park has an area of 939.94 sq. km and includes hilly terrains and streams. It is 175 km away from Jabalpur and has a forest of sal trees. Its typical fauna includes animals like tiger, chital, panther, sambhar, black buck, and bara Singha.
- Tandoba National Park. It is located in Chandrapur (Maharashtra) and has an area of 166 sq. km. Its typical fauna includes tiger, sambhar, sloth bear, bison, chital, chaindara. Barking deer, blue bull, four-horned deer, langur, peafowl, and a few crocodiles.
- Sariska. This is one of the most beautiful wildlife sanctuaries of Rajasthan near Alwar. It has an area of 800 sq. km. and dense Dohokra and Solar forests. Its typical fauna includes tiger, leopard, spotted deer, jungle cat, four-horned antelope, langur, porcupine, hedgehog, peafowl, etc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Bhagalpur Bird Sanctuary (Koeldeo Ghana). It is located in Bhagalpur (Rajasthan), has an area of 29 sq. km, and harbors all kinds of indigenous nesting water birds, waterside birds, and migratory birds. More than 328 varieties of birds including cormorants, spoonbills, white ibis, Indian darters, egrets, painted storks, open billed storks, great black-necked storks, etc, Many migratory birds like ducks, geese, Siberian cranes, etc., regularly visit this sanctuary. Drier parts of this marshy sanctuary have animals like spotted deer, black buck, sambhar, blue bull, wild boar, and python.
- Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary. This small-sized (2 sq. km. area) bird sanctuary is located in Gurgaon (Haryana) about 30 km from Delhi. 10 typical avian fauna includes crane, sarus, spot-bill, rudyshel, and drake.
- Shikari Devi Wild life Sanctuary. It is located in Mandi (Himachal Pradesh). It has an area of 213 sq. km. and has the following animals: snow leopard, flying fox, black bear, barking deer, musk deer, chakor, partridge, etc:
- Birotibagh Sanctuary. It is located near Patiala (Punjab). The typical fauna of this wildlife sanctuary includes black buck, blue bull, hog deer, hare, pigeon, dove, etc. jackal and birds like peafowl, partridge, sparrow, babbler, myna, parakeet pigeon, dove, etc. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)
- Dachigam Wild Life Sanctuary. It is established in 1951 in Kashmir, OG m away from Srinagar. It has an area of 89 sq. km and has two levels: upper Dachigam at 3692.3 meters altitudes and Lower Dachigam at 1846.2 meters altitudes. It mainly preserves hangul or Kashmir stag, but also has meters all animals like musk deer, leopard, black bear, brown bear, and baboon.
- Corbet National Park. It is one of India’s most famous wildlife sanctuaries and was constituted in 1935 as the first national park of India. It is situated between Nainital and Garhwal districts in Uttarakhand. It has an area of 525 sq. km and is located within the west-to-south bend of the river Ramaganga. It supports a rich and diverse fauna of the following animals: tiger, panther, sloth bear, hyaena, elephant, blue bull, swamp deer, barking deer, Indian antelope, porcupine, birds like bulbul, woodpecker, barbet, babbler, and been eater, and reptiles like a crocodile, python, etc.
- Shivpuri Sanctuary. It is located in Madhya Pradesh and is an asylum for tigers.
About 200 sanctuaries, national parks, and other miscellaneous national areas have been established in our country to provide protection to the wildlife of different categories. Sanctuaries having natural habitats provide maximum protection and optimum living conditions for animals and birds. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by Sanctuaries and National Parks)