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Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development

Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development

Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development

Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development: In this post, we will learn about Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development? In Bed 2nd Year there is one of the most important questions comes from Environment Education. You will learn about Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development? Teaching is a social and professional activity. It is a process of development. Teaching is a system of actions that induce learning through interpersonal relationships. and all the rest you will study in this Blog.

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Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development
Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development

Sustainable Development

The goal of sustainable development is to improve living standards and the quality of people’s lives, both now and for future generations. Environmental issues are an important part of the challenges of development. Industrial and developing countries like share environmental concerns. All countries irrespective of their economic potential strive to ensure that citizens in both urban and rural areas have clean air to breathe, safe drinking water, and adequate supplies of clean renewable energy. Agriculture and industry are the important sectors wherein natural resources-land, soil, forests, rivers, oceans and mineral deposits-upon which they rely on, have to be used efficiently and responsibly. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

Some environmental issues are highly localized, but many others cross national borders. Industrial and human waste dumped into a river by one country may affect the health and livelihoods of citizens in another country hundreds of miles downstream. Ozone-depleting substances cause changes in the earth’s atmosphere that may result in using cancer rates and lower crop yields in countries around the world. As global interdependence increases, solving environmental problems requires greater cooperation and coordination between nations both at the regional level and also worldwide.

Environmental concerns are inextricably linked to economic issues such as poverty. They are also linked to social issues such as population growth. Population growth puts pressure on natural resources as well as on the ability to provide facilities such as housing, health care, education, safe water, and sanitation for all.

The concept of ‘Sustainable Development (SD), which was later popularized by the Brundtland Report, had its origins in the World Conservation Strategy (WCS) prepared by IUCN with the financial help of UNEP and the World Wildlife Fund and published in 1980. It says, “Conservation is the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefits to present generations while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations SD is the development that can continue indefinitely into the future, for which life-support systems are needed. Hence it was felt that is essential to conserve the biosphere.” (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

The WCS recognized the fact that SD should be ‘people centred’, i.e., the benefits of conservation should be felt by local people, and should hence involve the local population. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

Sustainable Development was formally defined for the first time in the Brundtland Report, published in 1987: “Sustainable Development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.” This definition encompasses:

(i) The concept of ‘needs, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given (also called the poverty focus), and

(ii) The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the ability of the environment to meet present and future needs (the future focus).

Although the concept of Sustainable Development is gaining wider recognition and inclusion in development and policy matters, suitable policy actions are yet to take shape. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

Sustainable Development in general aims to create chains of mutual social, economic and environmental benefits at local, intermediate and global levels. Benefits of Sustainable Development at the local level should include the provision of basic needs such as food, water, shelter and health. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

According to Agenda 21, Chapter 15, urgent and decisive action is needed to conserve and maintain genes, species and ecosystems, with a view to the sustainable management and use of biological resources the participation and support of local communities are elements essential to the success of such an approach. Further, in Chapter, it says, national authorities should ensure sustainable management of all forest ecosystems and woodlands giving particular attention to human needs for economic and ecological services, wood-based energy, agro-forestry and non-timber products.

Sustainable forestry will increasingly rely on growth in the use of non-wood forest products along with timber, fuel wood and other wood products. Such growth will probably continue to depend largely on market forces and natural opportunities coupled with the basic requirements of rural communities and their ability to innovate.

Definition of Sustainable Development

There are many definitions of Sustainable development, including this landmark one which first appeared in 1987. “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

This definition needs to be understood further. What are the present needs? Do these needs conflict with one another? For example, if one person’s need is clean air to breathe, the same person might feel the need for a car, which possibly denies him/her the need for clean air. In such a conflicting situation, which need would be chosen?

There are many conflicting needs within a person. At the social level, these conflicts multiply. As such, how does one decide on whose needs are met, and which are those needs?

Sustainable Development suggests that meeting the needs of the future depends on how well we balance social, economic, and environmental objectives or need-when making decisions today.

Many of these objectives may seem to conflict with each other in the short term. For example, industrial growth might conflict with preserving natural resources. Yet, in the long-term responsible use of natural resources now will help ensure that there are resources available for sustained industrial growth far into the future.

Various Development

  1. Agricultural Development. Agriculture has transformed the landscape or soil and the application of modern agricultural biotechnology has influenced considerably environmental changes. Modern agriculture relies upon synthetic chemicals which include various types of fertilizers and biocides. Many of these changes are a direct result of manipulating biochemical cycles and energy flows and rates, especially the use of chemical fertilizers and crop protection chemicals. Agricultural methods and techniques for the last two decades aimed at more intensive food production have caused the destruction of natural habitats.

The high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice diffused in the developing countries require high energy inputs in the form of water, chemical fertilizers and crop protection chemicals. The crop protection chemicals bring radical changes in the chemical properties of soil and thus transform the environment. The crop protection chemicals enhance agricultural production and bring substantial radical changes to the environment. The use of chemicals such as DDT has adverse and serious effects on wildlife and vegetation. They are dangerous, and harmful and disturb the natural ecosystem and ecological balance. The chemicals affect the quality of foodstuff and make water unfit for drinking even for animals and also cause diseases.

Pesticides are the chemicals used for killings plants and animals pests. There is a wide scope of chemicals used as biocides, but these are most harmful to man and animals by entering into our food chain system. In order to overcome the new problem, new plant protection chemicals are required which bring more changes in the environment and thus the vicious circle continues in our agricultural production. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

The use of chemicals in the fertilizers deteriorates the quality of the soil. The uses of nitrate, phosphate and polassic, fertilizers have changed the soil chemistry and are detrimental to the health of the soil. Thus agricultural development has a direct impact on the quality of water and soil components of the environment.

  1. Industrial Development. Economic development is based on both the agricultural and industrial development of a nation. There is rapid industrial development in advanced countries. There are industrial estates and complexes in our big cities. There are thermal power plants which consume large qualities, of coal. The coal consumption in thermal plants and industries produces fly ash, smoke, sulphur oxide and other gases and hydrocarbons.

One of the important causes of environmental change is fossil fuel burning and industrial chemicals. It increases carbon dioxide concentrations which are affecting climatic change. The emission of nitrous and sulphurous gases into the atmosphere and their deposition is the main cause of soil and water acidification. It has degraded the aquatic ecosystem. Other wastes, derived from industrial chemicals contribute to environmental change through air and water sources which is injurious to human health. Industrial development produces a variety of pollutants such as gases, smoke, oil, plastics, metallic waste, suspended solids, acids, salts, dyes and DDT, etc., which cause the change in the environment.

The industrialized, urban ecosystems produce huge qualities of domestic, industrial and nuclear wastes. The high energy consumption and high population densities of the urban communities produce a large quantity of water waste and sewage as well as domestic wastes. These components of industrial development estates cause an environmental change in urban and industrial areas. There are frequent epidemics in developing and developed countries.

Industrial wastes include chemicals, detergents, metals and synthetic compounds along the solid wastes and garbage. The heavy metal chemicals degrade the quality of water which is very harmful to aquatic life and human health.

The sulphur dioxide reacts very quickly with the atmospheric moisture and forms sulphuric acid which causes many respiratory diseases in man and also produces acid rainfall over parts of the earth. Thus industrial development has a notable effect on the atmosphere, climate, air, water as well as components of the environment.

  1. Radioactive and Nuclear Development. The nuclear waste materials, lest explosions, great rush for power plants and radioisotope use medicine industry and research are the main sources of radioactive pollutants which are degrading the quality of the environment. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

The isotopes are accumulated in human tissues, plants and animals. These isotopes in human tissues and animals cause serious health hazards in the atmosphere. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

There is a race among the nations of the world to develop atomic power, therefore experiments are being conducted by nations either in deserts and seas or oceans. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

These atomic experiments have affected the environment at the regional or global level. It is the most significant factor for the environmental change or degrading the quality of the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Organisation (UNO) can play a significant role to check such atomic experiments.

  1. Recreational and Tourism Industry Development. Tourism has to develop so that it becomes the world’s third largest industry. The natural area’s vegetation is damaged in the countryside for this tourism and recreation. It has accelerated the loss of soil and disturbs animals. Sports, skating, boating, camping, riding, trekking and tourism adverse the landforms fauna and flora. Planning and management of tourism are very essential to continue as a source of income.

National Wastelands Development Board (NWDB)

NWDB was set up in 1985 with the following main objectives:

(i) to increase tree and other green covers on wastelands;

(ii) to prevent good land from becoming wasteland;

(iii) to formulate within the overall Nodal Policy, perspective plans and programmes for the management and development of the wastelands in the county. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

There are 18 Divisions. There are three wings for Impact Assessment Divisions. These are, Impact Assessment I (A-I), II (A-II) and III (A-III). (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

There are 7 associated units under the administrative control of the Ministry.

Of these, two (Botanical Survey of India; Zoological Survey of India) are under Conservation and Survey Division; two (Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education; Indian Gandhi National Forest Academy) are under Forest Research. Education and Training Division; one (Forest Survey of India) under Forest Survey and Utilization Division; one (National Zoological Park Under Wildlife Conservation Division; one (national Zoological Park) under Wildlife Conservation Division; and one (National Museum of National History) is under the Education and Information Division of the Ministry. There are five Institutes under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education. (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

There are 11 Autonomous Agencies assisted by the Ministry. These are attached with different Divisions. The Division which are attached are shown in parentheses below:

(i) Salim Ali Centre of Ornithology and National History (Conservation and Survey)

(ii) Andaman and Nicobar Islands Forests and Plantation Dev. Corp. Ltd. (Forest Survey and Utilisation)

(iii) Wildlife Institute of India (Wildlife Conservation)

(iv) Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (Wildlife Conservation)

(v) Central Pollution Control Board (Control of Pollution)

(vi) Centre for Ecological Research and Training (Research and Eco-Regeneration)

(vii) Centre of Mining Environment (Research and Eco-Regeneration)

(viii) Gobind Ballabh Pant Himalayan Paryavaran Evam Vikas Sansthan (Research and Eco-Regeneration)

(ix) Indian Institute of Forest Management (Forest Research, Education and Training) (x) Centre of Environment Education (Education and Information) (Bed 2nd Year What do you understand by sustainable development)

(xi) C.P. Rama Swami Aiyar Environment Education Centre (Education and Information).

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