MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes
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Different Constituents of Socialism
The term socialism is used to denote social democrats, although in many countries socialism is a broader concept including the following practices:
1. Social Democracy: It is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. During the early and mid-20th century, social democrats were in favor of stronger labor laws, the nationalization of major industries, and a strong welfare state. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
Over the course of the 20th century, most social democrats gradually distanced themselves from Marxism and class struggle. As of 2004 social democrats generally do not see a conflict between a capitalist market economy and their definition of a socialist society, they supported reforming capitalism in an attempt to make it more equitable through the creation and maintenance of a welfare state. Most social democratic parties are members of the socialist international, which is a successor to the second international.
Social democratic parties are among the largest parties in most countries in Europe, as well as in the majority of European-influenced parts of the world (with the notable exception of the United States). Social democrats are seen as center-left in orientation.
2. Democratic Socialism: It is a political movement propagating the ideals of socialism within the framework of parliamentary democracy. Democratic socialism has its roots in classical Marxism and the socialist movement of the 19th century; however, it is strongly opposed to Leninism and even more hostile to Stalinism as practiced by the former Soviet Union.
It should be noted, however, that many of those who describe themselves as ‘socialists’ often argue that socialism necessarily implies democracy, thus making ‘Democratic socialism’ a redundant term. The fact that one specific movement is called ‘Democratic socialism’ does not mean that other socialist movements cannot be equally democratic.
Democratic socialists and social democrats both typically advocate at least a welfare state, although social democrats, being influenced by the Third Way are now less committed to this. Democratic socialists maintain a commitment to the redistribution of wealth and the nationalization of major industries and some belief in a planned economy; these are all concepts that social democrats have largely abandoned. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
In addition, many democratic socialists retain a Marxist analysis (though sometimes a reformist one), while social democrats reject Marxism. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
3. Communist State: In a common speech in the Western World, a communist state is a state ruled by a single political party that declares its allegiance to the principles of Marxism-Leninism. The term ‘Communist state’ originated from the fact that most of the states in question were/are ruled by parties that called themselves ‘Communist Party of country. Thus, they became known as ‘Communist Party ruled states, a term that was soon contracted to ‘Communist states’. However, most of these states called themselves socialist. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
Taken literally, the term ‘Communist states’ is an oxymoron. Communism, as a social system, involves the abolition of the state (along with the abolition of private property and social classes). In Marxist political theory, capitalism is to be replaced by socialism (not communism) and socialism is to be replaced at some point in the future with communism.
Therefore, the so-called ‘Communist states’ actually claimed to be socialist (and democratic) states, working towards the final goal of replacing socialism with communism. However, their opponents held that those states were neither socialist nor democratic, so another term had to be invented to define them. Hence the phrase ‘Communist state’ was coined, based on the fact that their ruling parties called themselves communist parties. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
4. Marxism: It is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th-century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. Marx drew on Hegel’s philosophy, the political economy of Adam Smith, Ricardian economics, and 19th-century French socialism to develop a critique of society that he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
Marxism holds that class struggle is the central element of social change in Western society. Since the tension between social classes is deemed to be the cause of political unrest, Marxism attempts to solve this problem by establishing public ownership as its dominant feature. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
While there are many theoretical and practical differences among the various forms of Marxism, most forms of Marxism share these principles:
(a) An attention to the material conditions of people’s lives and social relations among people.
(b) A belief that people’s consciousness of the conditions of their lives reflects these material conditions and relations.
(C) An understanding of class in terms of different relations of production and as a particular position within such relations.
(d) An understanding of material conditions and social relations as historically malleable.
(e) A view of history according to which class struggle, the evolving conflict between classes with opposing interests, structures each historical period and drives historical change.
(f) Sympathy for the working class or proletariat.
(g) A belief that the ultimate interests of workers best match those of humanity in general.
5. Communism: It is a term that can refer to one of several things-a certain social system, an ideology that supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system.
As a social system, communism is a type of egalitarian society with no state, no private property, and no social classes. In communism, all property is owned by the community as a whole and all people enjoy equal social and economic status. Perhaps the best-known principle of a communist society is ‘From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.
As an ideology, the word communism is a synonym for Marxism and its various derivatives (most notably Marxism-Leninism). Among other things, Ma Marxism-Leninism). Among other things. Marxism claims that human society has gone into various stages of development throughout its history and that capitalism is the current stage we are going through.
The next stage will be socialism and the one and Therefore, it should be noted that communists do not seek to establish communism right away, they seek to establish socialism first, which is to be followed by communism at some
As a political movement, communism is a branch of the broader socialist movement. The communist movement differentiates itself from other branches of the socialist movement through various things such as ego, the communists, desire to establish a communist system after the socialist one and their commitment to revolutionary strategies for overthrowing capitalism.
6. Libertarian Socialism: Libertarian socialism is a political philosophy dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, most famously the institutions of capitalism and the state. It has gone by various names: Libertarian communism, anarchy-communism, left-anarchism, and sometimes simply anarchism. Libertarian socialists believe in the abolition of privately held means of production and abolition of the state as unnecessary and harmful institutions.
The term ‘Libertarian’ in political contexts has multiple meanings. Especially in the United States, it may also refer to the philosophy associated with groups such as the United States Libertarian Party This philosophy has major differences from libertarian socialism, and where necessary, the term ‘Libertarian’ is used in reference to that philosophy.
Merits of Socialism
These are as follows:
- Absence of Class Struggle: On account of State ownership of productive resources and social distribution of income, there is no struggle between haves and have notes. The exploitation of one section of society by another section is also avoided.
- Economic Stability: The problems of overproduction, underproduction, idle capacity, and business cycles are eliminated because the Central Planning Authority takes all major economic decisions. Violent fluctuations in economic activity are prevented by balancing aggregate supply with aggregate demand.
- Social Justice: Under socialism, there is a just and equitable distribution of national income. Nobody is allowed to receive large unearned incomes. Inequalities of income are reduced to the minimum. All children whether born to poor parents or rich parents are provided equal opportunities to get the necessary education and training and develop their talents. No discrimination is made on the basis of caste, class, or religion. (MBA 1st Year Different Constituents of Socialism Study Material Notes)
- Higher Economic Growth: Economic planning facilitates optimum utilization of resources thereby leading to rapid economic growth. A planned economy works in a systematic and coordinated manner.
- Absence of Monopolistic Practices: In a socialist economy, the business and trade-related practices are government owned. So, the scope of monopolistic practices and competition is removed.